Hellllooooooo readers :)
Today we gonna share with you about the history of internet. Do you know the origin of internet? How do its look like? What is the device use to represent the internet? Okay, because it is about the history, im gonna write the facts straightforward.
But first, naaaaahhh...we show you the telegraph picture :D
The earlier history of the internet was represented by the telegraph, invented in 1840s. Signals sent over wires that were established over vast distances. It is use extensively by the U.S. Government during the American Civil War, 1861-1865. They use Morse Code coding type, consists of dots and dashes or short signals and long signals.
Today we gonna share with you about the history of internet. Do you know the origin of internet? How do its look like? What is the device use to represent the internet? Okay, because it is about the history, im gonna write the facts straightforward.
But first, naaaaahhh...we show you the telegraph picture :D
The earlier history of the internet was represented by the telegraph, invented in 1840s. Signals sent over wires that were established over vast distances. It is use extensively by the U.S. Government during the American Civil War, 1861-1865. They use Morse Code coding type, consists of dots and dashes or short signals and long signals.
WHAT IS THE INTERNET?
- A network of networks.
- Act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere.
- Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching.
- Runs on any communications substrate.
THE CREATION OF THE INTERNET SOLVED THE FOLLOWING
CHALLENGES
- Basically inventing digital networking
- Survivability of an infrastructure to send / receive high-speed electronic messages
- Reliability of computer messaging
THE UNIVERSAL RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL)
Each page of information on the web has a unique
address called the URL.
PROTOCOLS THAT MAY APPEAR IN URL’S
Protocols Name
|
Use
|
ftp://
|
File transfer
|
http://
|
Hypertext
|
https://
|
Hypertext Secure
|
Mailto:
|
Sending email
|
News:
|
Requesting news
|
telnet://
|
Remote login
|
THE INTERNETWORKING PROBLEMS
Heterogeneity:
How to interconnect a large number of
disparate networks?
How to support a wide variety of
applications?
Scaling:
How to support a large number of
end-nodes and applications in this interconnected network?
THE SOLUTIONS
1.
Internet-layer gateways and
global addresses
2.
Simple,
application-independent, lowest denominator network service
3.
Stateless gateways could
easily route around failures
4.
With application-specific
knowledge out of gateways:
·
NSPs no longer had monopoly
on new services
·
Internet: a platform for
rapid, competitive innovation
Network-layer Overlay Model
Define a new protocol (IP) and map all
applications/networks to IP.
Require only one mapping when a new protocol/application is added.
Global address space can be created for universal addressability and scaling.
Require only one mapping when a new protocol/application is added.
Global address space can be created for universal addressability and scaling.
TCP/IP
Original TCP/IP (Cerf & Kahn)
|
Today’s TCP/IP
|
No separation between transport (TCP) and network (IP) layers.
|
Separate transport (TCP) and network (IP) layer.
|
One common header: use ports to multiples multiple TCP
connections on the same host.
|
Split the common header in: TCP and UDP headers.
|
Byte-based
sequence number.
|
Fragmentation reassembly done by IP.
|
Flow
control, but not congestion control.
|
Congestion control
|
ADDRESSING
IP address = network ID + host ID
Splitting address into multiple parts is called hierarchical addressing.
Splitting address into multiple parts is called hierarchical addressing.
Network
|
Host
|
Boundary
CONVERTING A 32-bit INTERNET ADDRESS TO DOTTED
DECIMAL FORMAT
An Internet address, known
as an IP address for “Internet Protocol” is comprised of four binary octets,
making it a 32-bit address.
IP addresses, difficult for
humans to read in binary format, are often converted to “dotted decimal format”
To convert the 32-bit binary
address to dotted decimal format, divide the address into four 8-bit octets and
then convert each octet to a decimal number.
Each octet will have one of 256 values
(0 through 255)
Example of an IP address on dotted
decimal form: 192.48.29.253
THE INTERNET NETWORK LAYER
Routing
Protocols
|
IP
protocol
|
ICMP
Protocol
|
Path
selection
|
Addressing
conventions
|
Error
reporting
|
RIP,
OSPF, BGP
|
Datagram
format
|
Router
“signaling”
|
Packet
handling conventions
|
THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
The Domain Name System translates between domain names
and IP addresses of devices
connected to the Internet
·
A domain name (a part of the URL) is a unique alphanumeric name such as gmu.edu
·
The top level domain name is
edu and the secondary level domain name is gmu
Examples of top level
domains:
Generic
top level domains
|
Country
codes (2 character codes)
|
.com
.biz
.info
.edu
.mil
.net
|
.jp
.sw
.us
|
DNS
Translation Between Domain Names and
IP Addresses
|
|
IP Addresses
|
Domain Names
|
Every
device connected has a unique 32-bit address
|
Every
device connected has an alphanumeric address
|
Machine
readable
Eg:
151.196.19.22
|
Human
readable
Eg:
cnn.com
|
To know more details and deeply about the history, we provide you those links ^.^
http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet
HISTORY IS SOOOOO GREAT!
HAVE A VERY NICE DAY U READERS
^.^
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